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院校 题目 类型 日期 作者 摘要 网页
HKUST A Building Information Modeling Framework for Waste Estimation and Embodied Carbon Calculation of Buildings Thesis 08/2012 Yinghui MA The construction industry is a major consumer of natural resources and energy, and a major contributor of waste and carbon emissions. Many countries have taken initiatives to reduce the negative environmental impacts in terms of waste and carbon emissions caused by construction activities; however, implementations of those strategies are often based on experience and heuristics rather than quantitative data. The value of estimating and evaluating construction and demolition (C&D) waste and carbon emissions in the construction industry has been indicated in literature. Nevertheless, tools that can accurately and conveniently estimate the amount of the waste from construction projects are lacking. On the other hand, current carbon emission analysis tools mostly focus on the estimation of operational carbon. Although embodied carbon (EC) of building materials has shown increasingly important in carbon emission analysis of buildings, the current tools that estimate EC are still primitive and not automated.

Therefore, this study aims to develop a framework for a lifecycle evaluation of waste and carbon emissions of buildings leveraging the building information modeling (BIM) technology. BIM represents the process of development and use of a computer generated model to simulate the planning, design, construction and operation of a building facility. BIM has been increasingly used in the architectural, engineering and construction industry for building performance analysis and construction planning. However, the use of BIM for estimation and planning of C&D waste and EC is still lacking. This thesis presents the automated BIM-based C&D waste estimation system and the automated BIM-based EC estimation system that the author has developed. The first system was designed to extract material and volume information through the BIM model and integrate the information for detailed waste estimation and planning. The second system was designed to integrate extracted material and element information with external carbon inventory databases for embodied carbon and energy estimation.

With the two systems, decision making could be facilitated among clients, architects, engineers, and other stakeholders. The systems can also be used combined with current tools to perform a lifecycle analysis. As the BIM technology has been increasingly adopted and digital building information models will likely to be available for most buildings and even infrastructures in the future, our systems can be applied in various projects.
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HKUST Rebar Prefabrication Automation Leveraging BIM Technology FYP 06/2020 LEUNG, Jing
WONG, Ngo Nam Andrew
The construction industry attempts to focus on innovative construction methods and the use of IT to enhance productivity. In recent years, the application of Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology is more common in the market. BIM provides a platform for data exchange of different parties without any format conversion which facilitates cross-discipline communication. The Hong Kong government has been the pioneer in applying BIM in the design of some government capital projects to foster its usage in HK. However, BIM facilitates the stage of planning and designing, there should be ways to improve the performance in the construction stage. Dynamo is a built-in software of Revit to be used in this project to develop the construction information technology.

The objectives of this report are to introduce the use of Dynamo scripts for the generation of BVBS code, barcode, schedule, and drawings for automatic rebar fabrication with the assistance of Dynamo to a Revit BIM model. With the automatic generation and implementation of IT, time can be shortened and accuracy can be enhanced. By running the Dynamo scripts in this research, standardized detailed drawings and bar bending schedules can also be obtained automatically.
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HKUST Mapping between BIM and 3D GIS in different levels of detail using schema mediation and instance comparison Journal 04/2016 Deng, Y., Cheng, J.C.P., and Anumba, C.J. The Building Information Modeling (BIM) domain and the Geographic Information System (GIS) domain share a mutual need for information from each other. Information from GIS can facilitate BIM applications such as site selection and onsite material layout, while BIM models could help generate detailed models in GIS and achieve better utility management. The mapping between the key schemas in the BIM domain and the GIS domain is the most critical step towards interoperability between the two domains. In this study, Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) were chosen as the key schemas due to their wide applications in the BIM domain and the GIS domain, respectively. We used an instance-based method to generate the mapping rules between IFC and CityGML based on the inspection of entities representing the same component in the same model. It ensures accurate mapping between the two schemas. The transformation of coordinate systems and geometry are two major issues addressed in the instance-based method. Considering the difference in schema structure and information richness between the two schemas, a reference ontology called Semantic City Model was developed and an instance-based method was adopted. The Semantic City Model captures all the relevant information from BIM models and GIS models during the mapping process. Since CityGML is defined in five levels of detail (LoD), the harmonization among LoDs in CityGML was also developed in order to complete the mapping. The test results show that the developed framework can achieve automatic data mapping between IFC and CityGML in different LoDs. Furthermore, the developed Semantic City Model is extensible and can be the basis for other schema mappings between the BIM domain and the GIS domain. 连结
HKUST Mapping of BIM and GIS for Interoperable Geospatial Data Management and Analysis for the Built Environment Thesis 08/2015 Yichuan DENG The Building Information Modeling (BIM) domain and the Geographic Information System (GIS) domain share a mutual need for information from each other. Information from GIS can facilitate BIM applications such as site selection and onsite material layout, while models from BIM help generate detailed models in GIS and achieve better utility management. The mapping between the key schemas in the BIM domain and the GIS domain is the most critical step towards interoperability between the two domains. In this research, Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) were chosen as the key schemas due to their wide applications in the BIM domain and the GIS domain, respectively. A review of previous studies on the integration between BIM and GIS reveals that so far there is no bi-directional mapping considering both geometric and semantic information between IFC and CityGML. Moreover, the transformation between different Levels of Detail (LoDs) in 3D GIS models has not been fully studied. The objective of this research is to develop techniques and tools to allow bi-directional mapping between key schemas in the BIM domain and the GIS domain considering transformation of geometry, semantic information and LoDs. Three use cases based on the integration between BIM and GIS are presented to show how the integration can facilitate problem solving in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry.

First, the sufficiency of the IFC schema for storing GIS data was evaluated using text analysis techniques and version different analysis. An extension for IFC 4 was developed to store data from CityGML. Then a linguistic-based semi-automatic mapping framework for IFC and CityGML was developed and evaluated, which showed promising results. The bi-directional mapping between IFC and CityGML was developed using instance-based mapping with reference ontology. The mapping framework was compared to previous studies to show its effectiveness.

Second, the transformation between LoDs in 3D GIS models was developed based on the LoD definitions in CityGML. This is a critical step for mapping between BIM and GIS as 3D GIS models are usually represented in different LoDs. An exterior shell extraction algorithm was proposed to facilitate the transformation between LoDs in CityGML. The algorithms of transformation from higher LoDs to lower LoDs were developed and validated using complex and large-scale 3D GIS models.

Finally, three use cases were developed to show how BIM and GIS can facilitate problem solving in the AEC industry. The first use case aimed to build 3D noise maps for urban environments using data from BIM and GIS. The Italian C.N.R. model was used for noise prediction. The highlight of this use case study is that by using BIM and GIS integration, the noise mapping can be performed at room level and the design models can be flexibly updated. The second use case considered construction supply chain management (CSCM) using BIM and GIS integration. The allocation of consolidation centers for multiple construction sites, which is a problem seldom studied by previous literature, is formulated and solved by integrating BIM and GIS. The third case aimed to develop a 3D underground utility management system for urban environments. The system uses modeling functions in BIM as data sources for utility management. Moreover, an algorithm was developed to allow transforming 2D CAD drawings into 3D utility lines.
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HKUST Application of Mixed Reality Technology for Operations and Maintenance of Building Facilities Thesis 08/2019 Keyu CHEN The architecture, engineering, construction and operation (AECO) industry has been widely regarded as a highly resource consuming industry. Among different stages of the AECO industry, the operations and maintenance (O&M) lasts the longest in the lifecycle of a building and incurs more than 85% of the total costs, indicating the importance of optimizing management and improving efficiency during O&M. However, it was indicated that two-thirds of the estimated cost of facility management is lost due to inefficiencies during the O&M stage. With current approaches for O&M activities, it is difficult for people to directly visualize and update information of building facilities and many¬ facilities are hidden (e.g. ventilation ducts above ceilings and water pipes under floors). Therefore, this research aims to apply innovations to improve efficiency during the O&M stage. In recent years, professionals begin to realize the practical value of mixed reality (MR) technology, which can aid in various tasks during O&M. Through integrating virtual information with the real world, MR makes the information of users surrounding facilities readable and manipulable. However, there are two major limitations while implementing MR in O&M: (1) All existing methods for MR spatial registration have their own limitations in either accuracy or practicality. (2) There is a lack of efficient methods for data transfer from BIM to MR, which limits the functionality and complexity of MR applications. To tackle these limitations, this research develops an MR engine that can achieve accurate and robust MR spatial registration and efficient data transfer from BIM to MR.

For the development of the MR engine, an indoor localization approach is proposed for MR spatial registration. A transfer learning technique named transferable CNN-LSTM is proposed for improving the accuracy of localization and reducing Wi-Fi fingerprinting’s vulnerability to environmental dynamics. A deep learning approach that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) with long short term memory (LSTM) networks is first proposed to predict the locations of unlabeled fingerprints based on labeled fingerprints. Then the transferable CNN-LSTM model is derived from the CNN-LSTM networks based on transfer learning to improve the robustness against time and devices. The proposed transferable CNN-LSTM model is tested and compared with some conventional approaches and even some transfer learning approaches. Another part of the engine focuses on efficient mechanisms for BIM-to-MR data transfer. An ontology-based approach is proposed for transfer of semantic data. For geometric models, building components are classified into four types according to their different features and different model simplification algorithms are proposed accordingly. The algorithms were first tested with single components, and then a whole building was used to evaluate the overall performance of the developed mechanisms. As illustrated in the tests, the developed mechanisms can efficiently transfer both semantic information and geometric information of BIM models into MR applications, thus reducing the time for model transfer and improving the fluency of corresponding MR applications.

The developed MR engine is then applied to facility maintenance management (FMM) and emergency evacuation. To improve the efficiency of FMM, a BIM-based location aware MR collaborative framework is developed, with BIM as the data source, MR for interaction between users and facilities, and Wi-Fi fingerprinting for providing real-time location information. An experiment is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed system framework. For emergency evacuation, a graph-based network is formed by integrating medial axis transform (MAT) with visibility graph (VG), with the addition of buffer zones. Closed-circuit television (CCTV) processing techniques are also developed to monitor the flow of people so that evacuees can avoid congested areas. An Internet of things (IoT) sensor network is established as well to detect the presence of hazardous areas. With the constructed graph-based network, congestion analysis and environment index of each area, an optimal evacuation path can be obtained and augmented with MR devices.

This research develops an MR engine that can improve the accuracy and robustness of conventional Wi-Fi fingerprinting based MR spatial registration and efficiency of BIM-to-MR data transfer. The developed MR engine has been implemented in FMM and emergency evacuation, illustrating the potential of the proposed approaches in improving the efficiency of O&M activities.
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HKUST Identifying potential opportunities of building information modeling for construction and demolition waste management and minimization Journal 03/2017 Won, J., and Cheng, J.C.P. The amount of waste generated in construction and demolition (C&D) processes is enormous. Therefore, many studies on efficient C&D waste minimization and management have been conducted. However, 21 process-related and 8 technology-related limitations in C&D waste management and minimization have not yet been resolved. Building information modeling (BIM) helps project participants improve the processes and technologies in the planning, design, construction, and demolition phases, thereby managing and minimizing C&D waste efficiently. Therefore, this paper identifies the potential opportunities of BIM for efficient C&D waste management and minimization, such as design review, 3D coordination, quantity take-off, phase planning, site utilization planning, construction system design, digital fabrication, and 3D control and planning. The BIM-based approaches can support C&D waste management and minimization processes and technologies by addressing existing limitations through in-depth literature review. The roles of project participants and information required for each BIM-based approach in C&D waste management and minimization are discussed with illustrative process maps. 连结